Time is of the essence: Improving the conceptualization and measurement of time

We advance the understanding and measurement of concept time by offering a taxonomy four distinct constructs: duration, frequency, timing, sequence. On basis literature review human resource management allied fields (i.e., organizational behavior, industrial psychology, general management, entrepreneurship, strategic studies), we offer recommendations on how to measure each construct as well illustrations drawn from different domains theories these can be implemented. In addition, for construct, specific, practical, actionable regarding critical design choices, dilemmas, trade-offs that must considered when investigating conceptually empirically. discuss in form sequential decision-making process used roadmap researchers. hope our conceptualization will serve catalyst useful future conceptual empirical research aims formulate better time-sensitive temporally falsifiable theories.